Poland’s push towards a cleaner energy system showed little momentum in 2025, with the share of electricity generated from renewable sources remaining virtually unchanged from the previous year. After a period of steady expansion, the renewable proportion of the country’s energy mix held at just over 29 per cent — signalling a year of stagnation in the transition away from fossil fuels.
A Plateau in Renewable Growth
Data compiled by independent analysts indicate that renewables accounted for approximately 29.4 per cent of Poland’s electricity generation in 2025, a marginal increase at best. Onshore wind and solar continued to form the backbone of the clean energy segment, while biomass and other minor sources contributed smaller shares. Despite earlier progress, the past year saw minimal new momentum.
Coal, although declining slightly in overall share, remained the overwhelming foundation of Poland’s electricity system. Hard coal and lignite together generated more than half of the nation’s power — a proportion far higher than in most other EU member states. Natural gas also increased its contribution, partly offsetting the reduction in coal generation.
A Legacy of Dependence
Poland’s strong dependence on coal is deeply rooted in its economic history and abundant domestic reserves. While the past decade has brought a significant increase in renewable capacity compared with earlier years, the country’s energy landscape is still heavily shaped by coal-fired generation. Lignite in particular remains prominent due to its low cost and wide availability, despite its high emissions profile.
Although coal’s share of electricity generation fell compared with 2024, the overall energy system remains far from structurally transformed. Renewables have grown, but not at a pace that significantly shifts the national balance.
Policy and Political Dynamics
Poland’s political direction continues to have a decisive impact on its energy transition. Previous administrations set targets to expand renewables and introduce nuclear energy, aiming to rebalance the mix by 2040. The current government has signalled a desire to accelerate the shift to clean energy, though tangible progress in 2025 was limited.
Efforts to relax planning rules for renewable installations — particularly onshore wind, which has long faced strict zoning restrictions — have been introduced but with mixed outcomes. Legislative debate, administrative delays and local opposition have slowed adoption, even as industry advocates call for clearer, more supportive frameworks.
Competing Pressures on the Energy System
The pause in renewable growth reflects the competing demands shaping Poland’s energy strategy. On the one hand, the country faces EU climate obligations, rising emissions costs and opportunities for modernisation. On the other, concerns about energy security, affordability and the economic importance of the coal sector create tension around rapid change.
While there have been moments in recent years when renewables briefly overtook coal during specific weather or market conditions, these instances have not yet translated into sustained annual progress.
The Road Ahead
Poland’s energy transition remains underway, but the stagnation of 2025 underscores the scale of the challenge. Unlocking meaningful growth in renewables will require continued investment in grid infrastructure, more predictable policy support and regulatory reforms that encourage new development.
As Europe intensifies its decarbonisation efforts, Poland’s ability to accelerate its clean energy build-out will play an increasingly influential role in regional climate goals and energy security. For now, coal remains entrenched — and the path to a more balanced energy future demands renewed focus, clarity and commitment.